ABSTRACT
Obesity is the excessive fat accumulation in human body leading to increases a risk of various chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and osteoarthritis. Several flavonoids are known to have lipolytic activity influencing lipolysis and adipogenesis in adipose cells. To explore mechanism of the association of flavonoids in obesity and obesity associated protein [FTO], molecular docking studies were done for FTO with flavonoids, with orlistat [antiobesity drug] as a control. Autodock tools were used for docking flavonoids and orlistat with FTO. The results were visualized by PyMol and Discovery studio visualizer. Upon docking simulation, it was observed that flavonoid quercetin showed highest binding affinity [most negative delta G], whereas daidzein was least affinity towards FTO. The binding affinity of other flavonoids was in the order of Exemestane >Kaempherol >Letrozole >Rutin. This study concludes that flavonoids primarily, quercetin ameliorates obesity by establishing a physical interaction with FTO. Interactions were also observed between FTO and other flavonoids and were of not greater inhibition compared to quercetin
Subject(s)
Obesity , Molecular Docking Simulation , Proteins , QuercetinABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To unravel the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of carvacrol in D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxic rats.@*METHODS@#The mRNA and protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were assayed by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and western blot analysis.@*RESULTS@#We found that the mRNA and protein expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB were significantly up-regulated in D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxic rats and treatment with carvacrol significantly down-regulated the expressions of these genes showing the mechanism behind the anti-inflammatory activity of carvacrol.@*CONCLUSIONS@#All above results reveal that the carvacrol well known anti-inflammatory activities in D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxic rats.